Every gardener knows how important it is to prune trees and shrubs. From ensuring plant health to shaping growth, pruning is an essential part of proper plant care. However, most of us aren’t gardeners. Sure, we know how to grow veggies and keep our houseplants alive, but that doesn’t mean we know why, how, and when to prune a tree or shrub. At least we didn’t until now.

Why Prune?

The U.S. Forest Service suggests pruning for three primary reasons: safety, health, and aesthetics. Pruning for safety is pretty self-explanatory: getting rid of branches that could do damage to you and your property is a smart move. Pruning for health is important to ensure that the tree or shrub stays free of disease or infestation. It also helps encourage airflow and helps with wound closure. Pruning for looks is vital for shaping the tree or shrub and for promoting flower production.

How To Prune

Generally, it’s advised that you prune first for safety, then for health, and finally for aesthetics. (Note: never prune branches that are touching utility lines without consulting the utility company first). Prune branches that are dead or dying, those that are rubbing against each other, and those that pose a risk to property. There are many different types of cuts and guidelines applicable for specific types of pruning. For more detail, visit the U.S. Forest Servicesite or contact an arborist.

When To Prune

Dead branches can be removed anytime of year. And while not all trees and shrubs should be pruned at the same time of year, it is generally recommended that all hardwood trees and shrubs be pruned when dormant. This allows you to see what needs to be pruned, prevents bug infestations and minimizes disease risk, and stimulates wound closure during the growing season.

Tools Of The Trade

As with any job, having the right tools is essential. Most homeowners can prune their trees and shrubs with little more than a good pair of pruning shears, a hand pruner, and/or a pruning saw.

To learn more about pruning, visit the U.S. Forest Service website or talk to a pro at your local garden center.